基本概念

example 环境指一边为源代码区，一边为编译后的效果区，我见过的 example 环境的制作方法有

texdoc tcolorbox, sec16 Libraries listings, listingsutf8, and minted
lnotes2
texboxies
texdoc lshort-zh-cn

原因

比较喜欢 lshort-zh-cn 中 example 环境的风格

实现

找到其源码，MWE 如下

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{verbatim,xcolor}

\makeatletter
\newwrite\example@out
\newlength\savefboxrule
\newlength\savefboxsep
\edef\example@name{\jobname-example.aux}
\newenvironment{example}%
{\begingroup\@bsphack
  \immediate\openout\example@out=\example@name
  \let\do\@makeother\dospecials\catcode`\^^M\active
  \def\verbatim@processline{\immediate\write\example@out{\the\verbatim@line}}%
  \verbatim@start}%
{\immediate\closeout\example@out\@esphack\endgroup%
  \trivlist\item\relax
  \setlength{\savefboxrule}{\fboxrule}%
  \setlength{\savefboxsep}{\fboxsep}%
  \setlength{\fboxsep}{0.015\textwidth}%
  \setlength{\fboxrule}{0.4pt}%
  \fcolorbox[gray]{0}{0.95}{%
    \begin{minipage}[c]{0.45\textwidth}%
      \setlength{\fboxrule}{\savefboxrule}%
      \setlength{\fboxsep}{\savefboxsep}%
      \small\verbatiminput{\example@name}%
    \end{minipage}%
  }%
  \hfill%
  \fbox{%
    \begin{minipage}[c]{0.45\textwidth}%
      \setlength{\fboxrule}{\savefboxrule}%
      \setlength{\fboxsep}{\savefboxsep}%
      \setlength{\parskip}{1ex plus 0.4ex minus 0.2ex}%
      \normalsize\input{\example@name}%
    \end{minipage}%
  }%
  \endtrivlist
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{example}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:1}
  E = mc^2
\end{equation}
The equation~(\ref{eq:1}) is a
famous mass energy equation.
\end{example}
\end{document}

效果为

不满意其代码区效果，想用 minted 宏包配合 sourcecodepro 宏包制作代码区，做了一部分尝试，更多讨论见《如何让 lshort-zh-cn 的 example 环境中的代码部分变为用 minted 宏包排版？》

结果

水平结构

\documentclass{ctexart}
\usepackage{minted}
\setminted{formatcom=\xeCJKVerbAddon}
\usepackage{sourcecodepro}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\makeatletter
\newlength\savefboxrule
\newlength\savefboxsep
\edef\example@name{\jobname-example.aux}
\newenvironment{hexample}%
{%
\renewcommand{\minted@FVB@VerbatimOut}[1]{%
  \@bsphack
  \begingroup
    \FV@DefineWhiteSpace
    \def\FV@Space{\space}%
    \FV@DefineTabOut
    \let\FV@ProcessLine\minted@write@detok
    \immediate\openout\FV@OutFile ##1\relax
    \let\FV@FontScanPrep\relax
    \let\@noligs\relax
    \FV@Scan}
\minted@FVB@VerbatimOut{\example@name}}%
{\minted@FVE@VerbatimOut%
  \trivlist\item\relax
  \setlength{\savefboxrule}{\fboxrule}%
  \setlength{\savefboxsep}{\fboxsep}%
  \setlength{\fboxsep}{0.015\textwidth}%
  \setlength{\fboxrule}{0.4pt}%
  \fcolorbox[gray]{0}{0.95}{%
    \begin{minipage}[c]{0.45\textwidth}%
      \setlength{\fboxrule}{\savefboxrule}%
      \setlength{\fboxsep}{\savefboxsep}%
      \small\inputminted[breakanywhere,breaklines=true,numbers=left]{latex}{\example@name}%
    \end{minipage}%
  }%
  \hfill%
  \fbox{%
    \begin{minipage}[c]{0.45\textwidth}%
      \setlength{\fboxrule}{\savefboxrule}%
      \setlength{\fboxsep}{\savefboxsep}%
      \setlength{\parskip}{1ex plus 0.4ex minus 0.2ex}%
      \normalsize\input{\example@name}%
    \end{minipage}%
  }%
  \endtrivlist
}
\makeatother

\begin{document}
\begin{hexample}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:1}
  E = mc^2
\end{equation}
公式~(\ref{eq:1}) 是
著名的质能方程。
\end{hexample}
\end{document}

效果为

竖直结构

\documentclass{ctexart}
\usepackage{minted}
\setminted{formatcom=\xeCJKVerbAddon}
\usepackage{sourcecodepro}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\makeatletter
\newlength\savefboxrule
\newlength\savefboxsep
\edef\example@name{\jobname-example.aux}
\newenvironment{vexample}%
{%
\renewcommand{\minted@FVB@VerbatimOut}[1]{%
  \@bsphack
  \begingroup
    \FV@DefineWhiteSpace
    \def\FV@Space{\space}%
    \FV@DefineTabOut
    \let\FV@ProcessLine\minted@write@detok
    \immediate\openout\FV@OutFile ##1\relax
    \let\FV@FontScanPrep\relax
    \let\@noligs\relax
    \FV@Scan}
\minted@FVB@VerbatimOut{\example@name}}%
{\minted@FVE@VerbatimOut%
  \trivlist\item\relax
  \setlength{\savefboxrule}{\fboxrule}%
  \setlength{\savefboxsep}{\fboxsep}%
  \setlength{\fboxsep}{0.015\textwidth}%
  \setlength{\fboxrule}{0.4pt}%
  \begin{minipage}[c]{\textwidth}
  \fcolorbox[gray]{0}{0.95}{%
    \begin{minipage}[c]{\textwidth-0.03\textwidth-0.8pt}%
      \setlength{\fboxrule}{\savefboxrule}%
      \setlength{\fboxsep}{\savefboxsep}%
      \small\inputminted[breakanywhere,breaklines=true,numbers=left]{latex}{\example@name}%
    \end{minipage}%
  }\\
  \fbox{%
    \begin{minipage}[c]{\textwidth-0.03\textwidth-0.8pt}%
      \setlength{\fboxrule}{\savefboxrule}%
      \setlength{\fboxsep}{\savefboxsep}%
      \setlength{\parskip}{1ex plus 0.4ex minus 0.2ex}%
      \normalsize\input{\example@name}%
    \end{minipage}%
  }%
  \end{minipage}
  \endtrivlist
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{vexample}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:1}
  E = mc^2
\end{equation}
公式~(\ref{eq:1}) 是著名的质能方程。
\end{vexample}
\end{document}

效果为

浮动体专用

\documentclass{ctexart}
\usepackage{minted}
\setminted{formatcom=\xeCJKVerbAddon}
\usepackage{sourcecodepro}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{mwe}
\makeatletter
\newlength\savefboxrule
\newlength\savefboxsep
\edef\example@name{\jobname-example.aux}
\newenvironment{floatexample}%
{%
\renewcommand{\minted@FVB@VerbatimOut}[1]{%
  \@bsphack
  \begingroup
    \FV@DefineWhiteSpace
    \def\FV@Space{\space}%
    \FV@DefineTabOut
    \let\FV@ProcessLine\minted@write@detok
    \immediate\openout\FV@OutFile ##1\relax
    \let\FV@FontScanPrep\relax
    \let\@noligs\relax
    \FV@Scan}
\minted@FVB@VerbatimOut{\example@name}}%
{\minted@FVE@VerbatimOut%
  \trivlist\item\relax
  \setlength{\savefboxrule}{\fboxrule}%
  \setlength{\savefboxsep}{\fboxsep}%
  \setlength{\fboxsep}{0.015\textwidth}%
  \setlength{\fboxrule}{0.4pt}%
  \fcolorbox[gray]{0}{0.95}{%
    \begin{minipage}[c]{\textwidth-0.03\textwidth-0.8pt}%
      \setlength{\fboxrule}{\savefboxrule}%
      \setlength{\fboxsep}{\savefboxsep}%
      \small\inputminted[breakanywhere,breaklines=true,numbers=left]{latex}{\example@name}%
    \end{minipage}%
  }\par
  \input{\example@name}%
  \endtrivlist
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{floatexample}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
  \centering
  \includegraphics{example-image.pdf}
  \caption{content}
\end{figure}
\end{floatexample}
\end{document}

效果为

合并

\documentclass{ctexart}
\usepackage{minted}
\setminted{formatcom=\xeCJKVerbAddon}
\usepackage{sourcecodepro}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{mwe}
\makeatletter
\newlength\savefboxrule
\newlength\savefboxsep
\edef\example@name{\jobname-example.aux}
\newenvironment{hexample}%
{%
\renewcommand{\minted@FVB@VerbatimOut}[1]{%
  \@bsphack
  \begingroup
    \FV@DefineWhiteSpace
    \def\FV@Space{\space}%
    \FV@DefineTabOut
    \let\FV@ProcessLine\minted@write@detok
    \immediate\openout\FV@OutFile ##1\relax
    \let\FV@FontScanPrep\relax
    \let\@noligs\relax
    \FV@Scan}
\minted@FVB@VerbatimOut{\example@name}}%
{\minted@FVE@VerbatimOut%
  \trivlist\item\relax
  \setlength{\savefboxrule}{\fboxrule}%
  \setlength{\savefboxsep}{\fboxsep}%
  \setlength{\fboxsep}{0.015\textwidth}%
  \setlength{\fboxrule}{0.4pt}%
  \fcolorbox[gray]{0}{0.95}{%
    \begin{minipage}[c]{0.45\textwidth}%
      \setlength{\fboxrule}{\savefboxrule}%
      \setlength{\fboxsep}{\savefboxsep}%
      \small\inputminted[breakanywhere,breaklines=true,numbers=left]{latex}{\example@name}%
    \end{minipage}%
  }%
  \hfill%
  \fbox{%
    \begin{minipage}[c]{0.45\textwidth}%
      \setlength{\fboxrule}{\savefboxrule}%
      \setlength{\fboxsep}{\savefboxsep}%
      \setlength{\parskip}{1ex plus 0.4ex minus 0.2ex}%
      \normalsize\input{\example@name}%
    \end{minipage}%
  }%
  \endtrivlist
}
\newenvironment{vexample}%
{%
\renewcommand{\minted@FVB@VerbatimOut}[1]{%
  \@bsphack
  \begingroup
    \FV@DefineWhiteSpace
    \def\FV@Space{\space}%
    \FV@DefineTabOut
    \let\FV@ProcessLine\minted@write@detok
    \immediate\openout\FV@OutFile ##1\relax
    \let\FV@FontScanPrep\relax
    \let\@noligs\relax
    \FV@Scan}
\minted@FVB@VerbatimOut{\example@name}}%
{\minted@FVE@VerbatimOut%
  \trivlist\item\relax
  \setlength{\savefboxrule}{\fboxrule}%
  \setlength{\savefboxsep}{\fboxsep}%
  \setlength{\fboxsep}{0.015\textwidth}%
  \setlength{\fboxrule}{0.4pt}%
  \begin{minipage}[c]{\textwidth}
  \fcolorbox[gray]{0}{0.95}{%
    \begin{minipage}[c]{\textwidth-0.03\textwidth-0.8pt}%
      \setlength{\fboxrule}{\savefboxrule}%
      \setlength{\fboxsep}{\savefboxsep}%
      \small\inputminted[breakanywhere,breaklines=true,numbers=left]{latex}{\example@name}%
    \end{minipage}%
  }\\
  \fbox{%
    \begin{minipage}[c]{\textwidth-0.03\textwidth-0.8pt}%
      \setlength{\fboxrule}{\savefboxrule}%
      \setlength{\fboxsep}{\savefboxsep}%
      \setlength{\parskip}{1ex plus 0.4ex minus 0.2ex}%
      \normalsize\input{\example@name}%
    \end{minipage}%
  }%
  \end{minipage}
  \endtrivlist
}
\newenvironment{floatexample}%
{%
\renewcommand{\minted@FVB@VerbatimOut}[1]{%
  \@bsphack
  \begingroup
    \FV@DefineWhiteSpace
    \def\FV@Space{\space}%
    \FV@DefineTabOut
    \let\FV@ProcessLine\minted@write@detok
    \immediate\openout\FV@OutFile ##1\relax
    \let\FV@FontScanPrep\relax
    \let\@noligs\relax
    \FV@Scan}
\minted@FVB@VerbatimOut{\example@name}}%
{\minted@FVE@VerbatimOut%
  \trivlist\item\relax
  \setlength{\savefboxrule}{\fboxrule}%
  \setlength{\savefboxsep}{\fboxsep}%
  \setlength{\fboxsep}{0.015\textwidth}%
  \setlength{\fboxrule}{0.4pt}%
  \fcolorbox[gray]{0}{0.95}{%
    \begin{minipage}[c]{\textwidth-0.03\textwidth-0.8pt}%
      \setlength{\fboxrule}{\savefboxrule}%
      \setlength{\fboxsep}{\savefboxsep}%
      \small\inputminted[breakanywhere,breaklines=true,numbers=left]{latex}{\example@name}%
    \end{minipage}%
  }\par
  \input{\example@name}%
  \endtrivlist
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{hexample}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:1}
  E = mc^2
\end{equation}
公式~(\ref{eq:1}) 是著名的质能方程。
\end{hexample}
\begin{vexample}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:2}
  E = mc^2
\end{equation}
公式~(\ref{eq:2}) 是著名的质能方程。
\end{vexample}
\begin{floatexample}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=5cm]{example-image.pdf}
  \caption{content}
\end{figure}
\end{floatexample}
\end{document}

效果为

注意事项

编译环境： $\TeX$ Live 2020
编译方式为 xelatex --shell-escape
电脑需安装了 minted 宏包所依赖的库「Pygments」
若需修改代码区样式，修改 \small\inputminted[breakanywhere,breaklines=true,numbers=left]{latex}{\example@name}% 中的 \inputminted 选项即可